Russia has announced it is changing its nuclear doctrine. In June 2024, President Vladimir Putin stated that. “…we are still thinking about what can be changed in this doctrine and how. This is because new elements are arising (at least we know that the potential adversary is working on it) related to lowering the threshold for using nuclear weapons.” This is a classic example of Russia inaccurately blaming the United States for what Russia is doing and what NATO is forced to react to. Two weeks before, Putin threatened Europe with nuclear destruction, declaring  “…the Europeans must also consider: if those with whom we engage in such conflicts cease to exist, will the Americans participate in